一、應用領域的差異

1、 Differences in application fields

糖尿病領域：在埃及，有研究通過電話隨訪和教育包來改善糖尿病患者的生活方式和臨床狀態(tài)。具體而言，該研究采用準實驗設計，對 100 名年齡在 18 至 65 歲的糖尿病患者進行研究，使用患者評估表和健康促進生活方式檔案等工具，結果顯示電話隨訪教育后患者的生活方式和臨床數據有顯著差異，表明遠程護理對糖尿病患者是一種有效的護理策略。在中國，有研究利用云隨訪平臺對糖尿病患者進行健康教育，結果表明可有效提高糖尿病住院患者對健康教育內容的掌握，減少護理人員工作負荷，提高患者對護理的滿意度。

Diabetes: In Egypt, there are studies to improve the lifestyle and clinical status of diabetes patients through telephone follow-up and education packages. Specifically, the study used a quasi experimental design to study 100 diabetes patients aged between 18 and 65 years. Using the patient assessment form and health promotion lifestyle files and other tools, the results showed that there were significant differences in the lifestyle and clinical data of patients after telephone follow-up education, indicating that remote nursing was an effective nursing strategy for diabetes patients. In China, some studies have used cloud follow-up platform to conduct health education for diabetes patients. The results show that it can effectively improve diabetes inpatients' mastery of health education content, reduce the workload of nursing staff, and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing.

減肥手術領域：瑞典的一項研究評估了智能手機遠程隨訪在減肥手術后患者中的可行性。在該研究中，干預組患者通過智能手機應用程序接受隨訪，對照組在門診進行每三個月一次的標準隨訪。結果顯示，兩組在體重減輕、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、生物電阻抗分析參數和生活質量方面沒有顯著差異，但干預組的血清鈣水平顯著高于對照組。這表明智能手機應用程序的遠程隨訪至少與門診傳統(tǒng)隨訪一樣有效，并且可以為患者節(jié)省時間，讓醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員有更多資源用于處理更嚴重問題的患者。

In the field of weight loss surgery, a Swedish study evaluated the feasibility of smartphone remote follow-up in patients after weight loss surgery. In this study, the intervention group received follow-up through a smartphone application, while the control group underwent standard follow-up every three months in the outpatient department. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of weight loss, incidence of complications, bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters, and quality of life, but the intervention group had significantly higher serum calcium levels than the control group. This indicates that remote follow-up through smartphone applications is at least as effective as traditional outpatient follow-up, and can save patients time, allowing medical professionals to have more resources to deal with patients with more serious problems.

慢性腎臟病領域：在中國，基于慢性病管理模型構建智能健康隨訪管理系統(tǒng)應用于慢性腎臟病患者。通過組建團隊、搭建系統(tǒng)架構、建立專病數據庫及開發(fā)應用模塊，對患者進行隨訪。干預六個月后，觀察組自我管理能力評分顯著高于對照組，肌酐、尿微量白蛋白肌酐比值、收縮壓、舒張壓、BMI 值顯著低于對照組，表明該系統(tǒng)能提高慢性腎臟病患者的自我管理能力，延緩疾病進展。

In the field of chronic kidney disease: In China, an intelligent health follow-up management system based on a chronic disease management model is applied to patients with chronic kidney disease. By forming a team, building a system architecture, establishing a specialized disease database, and developing application modules, patients are followed up. After six months of intervention, the self-management ability score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The creatinine, urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI values were significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that the system can improve the self-management ability of patients with chronic kidney disease and delay disease progression.

外周動脈疾病領域：巴西的研究開發(fā)了一款針對外周動脈疾病患者的移動教育隨訪應用程序。該應用程序的教學內容基于對患者需求的調查和文獻推薦的治療方法，包含概念、危險因素、癥狀、治療、藥物重要性及副作用、常見疑問、必要的醫(yī)療護理以及通過監(jiān)測病變瘢痕過程和可能并發(fā)癥的進展來進行隨訪等內容。結論認為該應用程序有潛力改善患者對疾病進展的隨訪和自我護理，監(jiān)測危險因素，促進患者參與治療和家庭參與，以及規(guī)劃個性化護理并降低衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)成本。

In the field of peripheral arterial disease, Brazil has developed a mobile education follow-up application for patients with peripheral arterial disease. The teaching content of this application is based on a survey of patient needs and literature recommendations for treatment methods, including concepts, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, drug importance and side effects, common questions, necessary medical care, and follow-up through monitoring the progression of scar lesions and possible comorbidities. The conclusion is that this application has the potential to improve patients' follow-up and self-care of disease progression, monitor risk factors, promote patient participation in treatment and family involvement, as well as plan personalized care and reduce healthcare system costs.

二、隨訪方式的差異

2、 Differences in follow-up methods

電話隨訪：埃及在糖尿病患者的護理中采用電話隨訪的方式，結合教育包對患者進行干預，以評估其對患者生活方式和臨床狀態(tài)的影響。這種方式相對傳統(tǒng)，但在一定程度上能夠為患者提供及時的護理指導和信息支持。

Telephone follow-up: Egypt used telephone follow-up in the nursing of patients with diabetes, combined with the education package to intervene the patients, so as to assess their impact on their lifestyle and clinical status. This approach is relatively traditional, but to a certain extent, it can provide timely nursing guidance and information support for patients.

智能手機應用程序隨訪：瑞典在減肥手術后患者的隨訪中使用智能手機應用程序，巴西在外周動脈疾病患者的隨訪中也開發(fā)了移動教育隨訪應用程序。這種方式更加便捷高效，患者可以隨時隨地通過手機接收問卷和健康信息，醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員也可以更方便地對患者進行遠程監(jiān)測和管理。

Smartphone application follow-up: Sweden uses smartphone applications for follow-up of patients after weight loss surgery, and Brazil has also developed mobile education follow-up applications for follow-up of peripheral arterial disease patients. This method is more convenient and efficient, as patients can receive questionnaires and health information anytime and anywhere through their mobile phones. Medical professionals can also conveniently monitor and manage patients remotely.

智能健康隨訪管理系統(tǒng)隨訪：中國在慢性腎臟病患者的管理中構建了智能健康隨訪管理系統(tǒng)，通過組建團隊、搭建系統(tǒng)架構等方式，為患者提供全面的隨訪服務。這種系統(tǒng)整合了多種資源，能夠實現對患者的個性化管理和精準干預。

Intelligent Health Follow up Management System Follow up: China has built an intelligent health follow-up management system for the management of chronic kidney disease patients, providing comprehensive follow-up services to patients through team building, system architecture, and other methods. This system integrates multiple resources and can achieve personalized management and precise intervention for patients.

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